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This paper provides an overview of efforts in the Baltic countries to reform their pension systems, and examines the choices facing these countries in their continued reform efforts. Early reforms were aimed at correcting the flaws of the inherited Soviet system and, in particular, at shoring up the finances of the pension systems and reducing their distortionary impact. The Baltic countries have been in the forefront of transition economies in their pursuit of pension reform. They have taken important steps to shore up the long-run financial health of their existing pension funds and made preparations for the implementation of a three-pillar scheme. Although a move toward a fully funded pension system can potentially make an important contribution to the objectives of pension reform, such a change is neither necessary nor sufficient to meet these goals. The existing PAYG pension system can, at least in theory, be made sustainable by an appropriate adjustment of payroll tax rates and expected lifetime pension benefits, although the average replacement rate implied by such changes may well be fairly low, reflecting the expected demographic developments.
Baltic Area --- Baltic States --- Balkanlanden --- pays balkaniques --- politique gouvernementale --- 331.25209479 --- Retirement pensions --- Superannuation --- Retirement income --- Annuities --- Social security individual investment accounts --- Vested benefits --- balkanlanden --- overheidsbeleid --- -Baltic Republics --- Baltics (States) --- Social security law --- Pensions --- Social policy --- Social policy. --- 330.05 --- assurances --- pension --- pensioenen --- Compensation --- Pension plans --- verzekeringen --- pensioen --- Baltic Republics --- Pensions - Baltic States --- Baltic States - Social policy --- Exports and Imports --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Retirement --- Retirement Policies --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Population & demography --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Pension spending --- Pension reform --- Aging --- Expenditure --- Population and demographics --- Population aging --- Wages --- Labor economics --- Latvia, Republic of
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Inhoud : Inleiding. Deel 1. Loonprofielen : De lonen in de Vlaamse sectoren - De lonen per functiefamilie. Deel 2. Wie verdient meer (en waarom) ? Wie krijgt wat ? Wie wil meer ? : Wie verdient meer (en waarom) ? De loonhoogte - Wie krijgt wat ? De loonsamenstelling - Wie wil meer ? De loontevredenheid.
Wages --- loon --- Wage formation --- Flanders --- Lonen ; Vlaanderen --- 331.2 --- 658.32 <493> --- #ECO:03.12:industrie en onderneming loon --- #ECO:05.01:landen België --- enquêtes --- Vlaanderen --- Academic collection --- #SBIB:316.334.2A553 --- 331.4 --- 307.23 --- 332.20 --- 332.26 --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- VL / Flanders - Vlaams Gewest - Région Flamande --- 658.32 <493-17> --- #A9911A --- 658.32 <493-17> Salaries. Wages. Remuneration. Pay--Vlaanderen. Vlaams Gewest. Nederlandstalige Gemeenschap in België --- Salaries. Wages. Remuneration. Pay--Vlaanderen. Vlaams Gewest. Nederlandstalige Gemeenschap in België --- 331.2 Loon. Salaris. Vergoeding --(algemeen) --- Loon. Salaris. Vergoeding --(algemeen) --- Compensation --- Departmental salaries --- Earnings --- Pay --- Remuneration --- Salaries --- Wage-fund --- Wage rates --- Working class --- Income --- Labor costs --- Compensation management --- Cost and standard of living --- Prices --- 301.08 --- 493.8 --- Personeelsbeleid en loonbeleid, functieclassificaties --- Loon --- Arbeidsmarkt. Werkgelegenheid --- Statistieken van de lonen --- Bezoldiging van de arbeid: algemeenheden --- Loonevolutie --- Beloningssystemen --- Loonbeleid --- arbeidssociologie --- lonen --- Beloningssysteem --- Emigratie --- Wages - Belgium - Flanders
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International economic relations --- Hong Kong --- Deflation (Finance) --- Fiscal policy --- Wages --- Hong Kong (China) --- Foreign economic relations. --- chine --- developpement economique --- hongkong --- region --- situation economique --- -Deflation (Finance) --- -Wages --- -330.05 --- 330.95425 --- Compensation --- Departmental salaries --- Earnings --- Pay --- Remuneration --- Salaries --- Wage-fund --- Wage rates --- Working class --- Income --- Labor costs --- Compensation management --- Cost and standard of living --- Prices --- Disinflation --- Finance --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- china --- economische ontwikkeling --- gewest --- economische toestand --- Government policy --- -Foreign economic relations --- 330.05 --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (China) --- Xiang gang te bie xing zheng qu (China) --- 香港特別行政區 (China) --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo Hsiang-kang tʻe pieh hsing cheng chʻü --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo Xiang gang te bie xing zheng qu --- 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區 --- HKSAR (China) --- Hsiang-kang tʻe pieh hsing cheng chʻü (China) --- Xianggang (China) --- 香港 (China) --- Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu (China) --- Hong Kong S.A.R. (China)
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Labour conflicts --- Arbeidsverhoudingen --- Relations du travail --- arbeidsverhoudingen, collectieve --- loonbeleid --- sociaal-economisch overleg --- Industrial relations --- -Strikes and lockouts --- -Wages --- -Working class --- -Labor unions --- -331.116.3 <492> --- Industrial unions --- Labor, Organized --- Labor organizations --- Organized labor --- Trade-unions --- Unions, Labor --- Unions, Trade --- Working-men's associations --- Labor movement --- Societies --- Central labor councils --- Guilds --- Syndicalism --- Commons (Social order) --- Labor and laboring classes --- Laboring class --- Labouring class --- Working class --- Working classes --- Social classes --- Labor --- Compensation --- Departmental salaries --- Earnings --- Pay --- Remuneration --- Salaries --- Wage-fund --- Wage rates --- Income --- Labor costs --- Compensation management --- Cost and standard of living --- Prices --- Combinations of labor --- Lockouts --- Work stoppages --- Direct action --- Labor disputes --- Strikebreakers --- Capital and labor --- Employee-employer relations --- Employer-employee relations --- Labor and capital --- Labor-management relations --- Labor relations --- Employees --- Management --- 331.15 --- 331.2 --- Employment --- Wages --- Netherlands --- Economic conditions --- -Politics and government --- -Industrial relations --- Labor unions --- Strikes and lockouts --- -arbeidsverhoudingen, collectieve --- -Labour conflicts --- 331.116.3 <492> --- Politics and government
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The Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) provides expert and up-to-date analysis of global capital flows that play a critical role in world economic growth and Financial stability. The report focuses on current conditions in global Financial markets, analyzing Financial imbalances and structural issues that could pose risks to stability and sustained market access by emerging market borrowers. Along with the IMF’s semiannual World Economic Outlook, the GFSR is a key vehicle for communicating the IMF’s multilateral surveillance. The GFSR also draws out the Financial ramifcations of economic imbalances highlighted by the WEO, making it an indispensable companion publication.
Capital Market --- International Finance --- Economic Stabilization --- Business & Economics --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Labor --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- Public Finance --- Investments: Bonds --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Corporate Finance and Governance: Government Policy and Regulation --- Finance --- Pensions --- Monetary economics --- Investment & securities --- Banking --- Corporate governance --- role & responsibilities of boards & directors --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Credit --- Pension spending --- Hedge funds --- Financial markets --- Expenditure --- Money --- Financial institutions --- Economic sectors --- Financial services industry --- Bonds --- Banks and banking --- United States
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The striking turnaround in the Netherlands economic performance over the past decade and a half has attracted widespread attention. Emerging from deep recession and high unemployment in the early 1980s, the economy shifted to a pace of growth more rapid than that in neighboring economies, and posted a rise in employment close to that in the United States. However, a number of important problems remain to be tackled to further strengthen economic performance in the Netherlands. The material presented in this paper was originally prepared as background for discussions in the IMF Executive Board and takes account of developments through March 1999.
Economic policy and planning (general) --- Netherlands --- Monetary policy --- -Fiscal policy --- -Labor market --- -Manpower policy --- -Social security --- -economische situatie --- financieel beheer --- Nederland --- 336.74 (492) --- 338 (492) --- vrije markteconomie --- NL / Netherlands - Nederland - Pays Bas --- 334.151.20 --- 331.30 --- 331.01 --- 336.62 --- 338.313 --- 305.2 --- 332.630 --- 330.05 --- 330.9492 --- Insurance, Social --- Insurance, State and compulsory --- Social insurance --- Insurance --- Income maintenance programs --- Employment policy --- Human resource development --- Labor market --- Labor market policy --- Manpower utilization --- Labor policy --- Labor supply --- Trade adjustment assistance --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Markets --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Monetary management --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector.--Nederland --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Nederland --- economie de marche libre --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden. --- Economische toestand. --- Evolutie van de economische cycli. --- Financiële hervormingen en saneringen. --- Kapitalisme. --- Statistieken van de conjunctuur. --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid. --- Government policy --- Supply and demand --- Economic conditions --- -Working papers --- 338 (492) Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Nederland --- 336.74 (492) Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector.--Nederland --- The Netherlands --- Pays-Bas --- Países Baixos --- Holland --- Spanish Netherlands --- Pays-Bas espagnols --- Austrian Netherlands --- Pays-Bas autrichiens --- Oostenrijkse Nederlanden --- Southern Netherlands --- Pays-Bas méridionaux --- Zuidelijke Nederlanden --- Niderlandy --- Belanda --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Países Bajos --- Holanda --- Nederlân --- Hulanda --- Beulanda --- Niderland --- Niderlande --- هولندا --- مملكة هولندا --- Mamlakat Hūlandā --- Olanda --- Payis-Bâs --- Países Baxos --- Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka --- Nirlan --- Niderland Krallığı --- Kē-tē-kok --- Landa --- Kerajaan Landa --- Нидерландтар --- Niderlandtar --- Нидерландтар Короллеге --- Niderlandtar Korollege --- Нідэрланды --- Каралеўства Нідэрланды --- Karaleŭstva Nidėrlandy --- Nederlands --- Niadaland --- Holandija --- Kraljevina Holandija --- Izelvroioù --- Нидерландия --- Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Кралство Нидерландия --- Kralstvo Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Països Baixos --- Нидерландсем --- Niderlandsem --- Нидерландсен Патшалăхĕ --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkhĕ --- Nizozemsko --- Paesi Bassi --- Regnu di i Paesi Bassi --- Iseldiroedd --- Nederlandene --- Niederlande --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígíí --- Nižozemska --- Kralojstwo Nederlandow --- Madalmaad --- Ολλανδία --- Ollandia --- Hollandia --- Κάτω Χώρες --- Katō Chōres --- Βασίλειο των Κάτω Χωρών --- Vasileio tōn Katō Chōrōn --- Nederlando --- Reĝlando Nederlando --- Paisis Bajus --- Herbehereak --- Herbehereetako Erresumaren --- هلند --- Huland --- Niðurlond --- Háland --- Paîs Bas --- Neerlande --- Ísiltír --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Çheer Injil --- Çheer y Vagheragh --- Reeriaght ny Çheer Injil --- Tìrean Ìsle --- Hò-làn --- Недерлендин Нутг --- Nederlendin Nutg --- 네덜란드 --- Nedŏllandŭ --- Hōlani --- Nederlandia --- Pais Basse --- Regno del Paises Basse --- Нидерландтæ --- Niderlandtæ --- Нидерландты Къаролад --- Niderlandty Kʺarolad --- Konungsríkið Holland --- הולנד --- Holand --- ממלכת ארצות השפלה --- Mamlekhet Artsot ha-Shefelah --- Walanda --- Hollandi --- Нидерландла --- Niderlandla --- Нидерландланы Королевствосу --- Niderlandlany Korolevstvosu --- Néderlandzkô --- Нидерланд --- Iseldiryow --- Ubuholandi --- Ubuhorandi --- Nederilande --- Нидерланддар --- Niderlanddar --- Uholanzi --- Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini --- Нидерландъяс --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s --- Нидерландъяс Корольув --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s Korolʹuv --- Peyiba --- Holenda --- Keyatiya Nederlandan --- Payises Bashos --- פאייסיס באשוס --- Nīderlandeja --- Batavia --- Regni Nederlandiarum --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Nyderlandai --- Nyderlandų Karalystė --- Paixi Basci --- Paes Bass --- Ulanda --- Holland Királyság --- Keninkryk fan 'e Nederlannen --- Reino di Hulanda --- Холандија --- Кралство Холандија --- Kralstvo Holandija --- Pajjiżi l-Baxxi --- Hōrana --- Недерлатт --- Nederlatt --- Оцязорксши Недерлатт --- Ot︠s︡i︠a︡zorksshi Nederlatt --- Нидерландын Вант Улс --- Niderlandyn Vant Uls --- Tlanitlālpan --- Huēyitlahtohcāyōtl in Tlanitlālpan --- Eben Eyong --- Nederlaand --- オランダ --- Oranda --- オランダ王国 --- Oranda Ōkoku --- Ulanna --- Nethiland --- Nederlande --- Holandska --- Holland (Kingdom) --- Batavian Republic --- United Provinces of the Netherlands --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden --- Economische toestand --- Evolutie van de economische cycli --- Financiële hervormingen en saneringen --- Kapitalisme --- Statistieken van de conjunctuur --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid --- -Monetary policy --- -Economic policy and planning (general) --- -Netherlands --- -Monetary Policy --- Fiscal Policy --- Labor Market --- Manpower Policy --- Social Security --- Business & Economics --- Political Science --- Monetary Policy --- -Banks and Banking --- Inflation --- Labor --- Industries: Financial Services --- Public Finance --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Welfare & benefit systems --- Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Finance --- Social security contributions --- Labor markets --- Taxes --- Minimum wages --- Economic theory --- Social security --- Banks and banking --- Minimum wage --- Netherlands, The
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